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Summer———夏苏文

💨运维界的前行者
😈酷炫主页
✨运维
🎉安装
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  • 关于
  • 友链
  • 思维导图
  • 实用命令汇总
    • cat
    • pidof
    • seq
    • tail
    • netstat
    • find
    • watch
    • awk
    • cp

实用命令汇总

# cat

点击查看
[root@summer ~]# cat 123.sh 
123
[root@summer ~]# cat 456.sh 
456
[root@summer ~]# cat 123.sh 456.sh  //同时显示文件123.sh和456.sh的内容
123
456
[root@summer ~]# cat 123.sh 456.sh > hebing.sh //将文件123.sh和456.sh合并后放入文件hebing.sh中
[root@summer ~]# cat hebing.sh 
123
456
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[root@summer ~]# cat -b  test.sh  //显示文件内容要求不对空行编号
     1	123


     2	456


     3	789 2131  213123

[root@summer ~]# cat -n  test.sh  //需要显示文件内容的行数
     1	123
     2	
     3	
     4	456
     5	
     6	
     7	789 2131  213123
     8	
[root@summer ~]# cat -s test.sh  //当遇到有连续两行以上的空白行,就代换为一行的空白行
123

456

789 2131  213123

[root@summer ~]# cat -ns test.sh //常用
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cat log.txt | grep 'ERROR' -A 5

意思是,在log.txt文件中,查找ERROR字符,并显示ERROR所在行的之后5行

cat log.txt | grep 'ERROR' -B 5 之前5行

cat log.txt | grep 'ERROR' -C 5 前后5行

cat log.txt | grep -v 'ERROR' 排除ERROR所在的行
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# pidof

点击查看
[root@summer ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root      6618  6588  0 17:34 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root     31022     1  0 Nov24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
root     31388 31022  0 Nov24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@summer ~]# pidof nginx
31388 31022
[root@summer ~]# kill -9 $(pidof nginx)
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# seq

点击查看
[root@summer include]# seq -s '#' 5  //指定分隔符横着输出
1#2#3#4#5
[root@summer include]# seq -s ' ' 10  //以空格作为分格,且输出单数
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[root@summer include]# seq -w 1 10  //默认补位操作
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[root@summer include]# seq -2 2 10  //产生-2~10内的整数,增量为2
-2
0
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10
[root@summer include]# seq -f "%03g" 98 101 //产生98~101之间的整数,并且要求输出数字宽度相同,%3g 表示宽度为3,不足用0补足
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[root@summer include]# seq -f 'dir%03g' 1 5 //% 前面还可以指定字符串,一次性创建5个名为dir001 , dir002 .. dir005 的目录
dir001
dir002
dir003
dir004
dir005
[root@summer]# ls -l |grep dir
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root           6 Dec 10 17:06 dir001
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root           6 Dec 10 17:06 dir002
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root           6 Dec 10 17:06 dir003
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root           6 Dec 10 17:06 dir004
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root           6 Dec 10 17:06 dir005
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# tail

点击查看
## tail file (不加任何参数 显示文件file的最后10行)
[root@summer config]# tail -n 5 elasticsearch.yml //查看 elasticsearch.yml 文件末尾 5 行的数据内容
#
#
path.repo: ["/home/summer/elasticsearch-6.3.1/es_backup"]
http.cors.enabled: true 
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@summer config]# tail -5 elasticsearch.yml  //查看 elasticsearch.yml 文件末尾 5 行的数据内容
#
#
path.repo: ["/home/summer/elasticsearch-6.3.1/es_backup"]
http.cors.enabled: true 
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@summer config]# tail -c 100 elasticsearch.yml //查看 elasticsearch.yml 文件末尾 100 个字节的数据内容
me/summer/elasticsearch-6.3.1/es_backup"]
http.cors.enabled: true 
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
[root@summer config]#
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# netstat

点击查看
[root@summer]# netstat -anp | grep 端口号 //LINUX中如何查看某个端口是否被占用
[root@summer]#  netstat -anp | grep 23306
tcp6       0      0 :::23306                :::*                    LISTEN      1853/mysqld         
[root@summer]#  netstat -anp | grep 2330
tcp6       0      0 :::23306                :::*                    LISTEN      1853/mysqld         
[root@summer]#  netstat -anp | grep 123
[root@summer]# netstat -nultp //查看当前所有已经使用的端口情况
Active Internet connections (only servers) 
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23077/nginx: master 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23077/nginx: master 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      999/sshd            
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:888             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23077/nginx: master 
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8888            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1207/python         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1180/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::23306                :::*                    LISTEN      1853/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      999/sshd            
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      1180/master         
[root@summer]# 
[root@summer]# netstat -a | more //列出所有端口
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:zabbix-agent    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:cslistener    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 localhost.localdoma:ssh 192.168.0.112:56257     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 [::]:zabbix-agent       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:http               [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 localhost:smtp          [::]:*                  LISTEN     
raw6       0      0 [::]:ipv6-icmp          [::]:*                  7          
Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    8710     /run/systemd/notify
unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    8712     /run/systemd/cgroups-agent
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13330    /run/systemd/private
[root@summer]# netstat -at //列出所有 tcp 端口 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:zabbix-agent    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:cslistener    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0     52 localhost.localdoma:ssh 192.168.0.112:56257     ESTABLISHED
tcp6       0      0 [::]:zabbix-agent       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:http               [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 localhost:smtp          [::]:*                  LISTEN     
[root@summer]# netstat -au //列出所有 udp 端口 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
[root@summer]# 
[root@summer]# netstat -l //只显示监听端口 
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:zabbix-agent    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:cslistener    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:zabbix-agent       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:http               [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
[root@summer]# netstat -lt //只列出所有监听 tcp 端口 
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:zabbix-agent    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:cslistener    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:ssh             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:smtp          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:zabbix-agent       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:http               [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 localhost:smtp          [::]:*                  LISTEN     
[root@summer]# netstat -lu //只列出所有监听 udp 端口
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
[root@summer]# netstat -lx //只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口 
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13330    /run/systemd/private
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     8730     /run/systemd/journal/stdout
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17182    /var/run/vmware/guestServicePipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13346    /run/lvm/lvmpolld.socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     SEQPACKET  LISTENING     13357    /run/udev/control
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     20585    private/scache
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13367    /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket
[root@summer]# netstat -s //显示所有端口的统计信息
Ip:
    58416 total packets received
    0 forwarded
    0 incoming packets discarded
    58231 incoming packets delivered
    31712 requests sent out
    366 reassemblies required
    183 packets reassembled ok
Icmp:
    14 ICMP messages received
    2 input ICMP message failed.
    ICMP input histogram:
        destination unreachable: 6
        echo requests: 8
    42 ICMP messages sent
    0 ICMP messages failed
    ICMP output histogram:
        destination unreachable: 34
        echo replies: 8
IcmpMsg:
        InType3: 6
        InType8: 8
        OutType0: 8
        OutType3: 34
## 显示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的统计信息 netstat -st 或 -su
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# find

点击查看
[root@summer]# find . -type f -size +10M //查找一个文件大小超过10M的文件
./server/panel/pyenv/bin/python3.7
./server/panel/pyenv/bin/python3.7m
./server/panel/pyenv/lib/python3.7/config-3.7m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.7m.a
./server/panel/pyenv/lib/libpython3.7m.a
[root@summer]# find . -mmin -5 //# 查找在最后5分钟里修改过的文件
.
./push.sh
[root@summer]# find . -name '*.txt' -type f -mmin -30 //查找当前文件夹下30分钟内修改过的txt文件
[root@summer]# find . -type f -mtime +4 //查找当前文件夹下5天内修改过的文件
[root@summer]# find -type d | grep .svn$ //查找目录名.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/home/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/loginbg/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/menuicon/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/submenuleft/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/appbutton/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/appstore/.svn
./web/static/GWWZ/dark/appbutton/.svn
[root@summer]# find -type d | grep .svn$ | xargs rm -r //查找并删除
[root@summer]# find  -type f -size 0 -exec ls -l {} \; //查找当前路径下所有文件长度为 0 的普通文件,并列出它们的完整路径
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# watch

点击查看
该命令最为常用的两个选项是-d和-n,其中-n表示间隔多少秒执行一次"command",-d表示高亮发生变化的位置。
[root@summer]# watch -d -n 1 'df -h; ls -l'
Every 1.0s: df -h; ls -l                                                                                                                                                       Mon Apr 12 14:35:09 2021

Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              63G     0   63G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 63G   20K   63G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 63G  9.4M   63G   1% /run
tmpfs                 63G     0   63G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/os-root  880G   47G  789G   6% /
/dev/sda1            976M  328M  582M  37% /boot
tmpfs                 13G     0   13G   0% /run/user/0
total 992
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root   8556 Apr 12 14:20 config.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    212 Apr 12 14:20 errorlog.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 300242 Apr 12 14:35 flatfile.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    163 Apr 12 14:20 histogram.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  98572 Apr 12 14:34 localhost-0.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root   7248 Apr 12 14:32 localhost-0.stdout.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  98705 Apr 12 14:34 localhost.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    181 Apr 12 14:20 localhost.var_adm_msgs.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 116757 Apr 12 14:35 logfile.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    705 Apr 12 14:20 parmfile.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root   1529 Apr 12 14:20 parmscan.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    164 Apr 12 14:20 sd1.histogram.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  98527 Apr 12 14:34 sd1.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    420 Apr 12 14:20 skew.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    830 Apr 12 14:20 status.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root  99386 Apr 12 14:34 summary.html
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root      0 Apr 12 14:20 swat_mon_total.txt
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# awk

点击查看
- 输出指定列
[root@summer]# ceph df | awk '{print $1,$3}' | grep 10240G
test 10240G
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# cp

点击查看

Linux下默认cp命令是有别名(alias cp=‘cp -i’)的,无法强制覆盖,即使你用 -f 参数也无法强制覆盖文件

  1. 取消cp的alias,放心这不是永久生效
#unalias cp
#cp a /test/a
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  1. 用 \cp 执行cp命令时不走alias (通常使用这种方法)
#\cp a /test/a
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  1. 使用管道(相当于在问是否要覆盖时,给一个yes,这样就不会在让你输入yes or no了)
#yes|cp a /test/a
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上次更新: 4/28/2021, 4:26:41 PM
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